Operational definitions

Work-related upper extremity disorders: self-reported pains, aches or discomforts in neck and shoulder anatomical body regions in the past 12 months.

Perceived disability: a pain disability point score of 3–6points [38].

Perceived severity: a pain intensity score of ≥50 or < 3 disability points [38].

Awkward postures (AP): working with the neck bent without support, working with a bent wrist, working with the back bent without support, squatting and kneeling for two or more hours [39].

Repetitive work (RW): work that involve repeating the same motion with less than 30 s or no variation every few seconds for two or more hours per day [39].

Static postures (SP): sitting or standing in a restricted space for two or more hours without changing positions per day [39].

Job satisfaction: generic job satisfaction scales core of 32 or above [40].

Job stress: workplace stress scale score of 21 or above [41].

Body mass index (BMI): Self-report weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters (kg/m²) where (BMI = < 18.50 (underweight), BMI = 18.50–24.99 (normal), and BMI = ≥ 25.00 (overweight/obese).

Physical exercise: exercising any kind of sport activity at least two times per week for a duration of 30 min [42].