Exosome size analysis.

Exosome size distribution analysis was done using the qNano system (Izon, Christchurch, New Zealand). Izon’s qNano technology (http://izon.com) was employed to detect exosomes passing through a nanopore by way of single-molecule electrophoresis (29). In practice, it enables accurate particle-by-particle characterization of vesicles from 50 to 300 nm in size of exosomes, without averaging the particle sizes. Purified exosomes were eluted with PBS, vigorously shaken, and measured by using an NP150 (A48844) nanopore aperture. The samples were measured at a 45.9 mm stretch, with a voltage of 0.60 V at a pressure of 8 as the standard, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Data processing and analysis were carried out on Izon Control Suite software v3.3 (Izon Science).