Normal and OA chondrocytes were harvested from normal (Outerbridge grade 0) and OA (Outerbridge grade I–III) cartilage samples following digestion, according to the aforementioned procedure. Chondrocytes were cultured in DMEM (HyClone; GE Healthcare Life Sciences) supplemented with 10% FBS (HyClone; GE Healthcare Life Sciences) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Nanjing KeyGen Biotech Co., Ltd.). The cells were maintained in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2 and at 37°C.
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