2.1. Materials

Commercial protein powders of hemp, pea, and rice used as wall materials were supplied by Yupik (Montreal, QC, Canada). The protein content was 50% for the hemp protein and 80% for each of the pea and rice protein powders. In the rice protein, other compounds incorporated were 5% lipids and 5% carbohydrates such as dietary fiber. Pea protein had 8% lipids and 2% carbohydrates, with 1% dietary fiber. The hemp protein powder was processed with an isoelectric precipitation technique to enlarge the protein content up to 80% using a method suggested by Hadnađev et al. (2018) [14]. Other compounds were lipids, 7.5%, and carbohydrates, 2.1%. Maltodextrin was provided by a local supplier (solubility 586 g/L, DE 10-12). Hempseed oil was supplied by Manitoba Harvest Hemp Foods (Winnipeg, MB, Canada). All reagents used in the study were HPLC grade supplied by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Canada.