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We examined community-dwelling participants interviewed in the 2002 wave of HRS, a nationally representative sample of US adults older than 50 years, and ELSA, a nationally representative sample of English adults older than 50 years that is similar in design to HRS. Baseline response rates were 78.0% for HRS and 70.2% for ELSA. In both studies, participants were interviewed biennially on a range of social, health, and economic circumstances. Respondents were followed through 2012 for death and new difficulty in an activity of daily living (ADL).
For the mortality analysis, we created a nationally representative cohort of 19 772 community-dwelling older adults enrolled in HRS (12 173) and ELSA (7599) who were ages 54 to 64 years or 66 to 76 years in the 2002 wave. Respondents who were aged 65 years in 2002 were not included because Medicare enrollment cannot be reliably determined in this age group in HRS. For the disability analysis, those who had ADL difficulty at baseline (HRS, 1568; ELSA, 1374) or missing responses regarding ADL difficulty at baseline (HRS, 4; ELSA; 92) were excluded from the cohort. Respondents without a follow-up ADL assessment were also excluded (HRS, 1710; ELSA, 1421). A total of 13 603 respondents (HRS, 8891; ELSA, 4712) were included in the disability analysis (see eFigure in the Supplement).
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