2.10. ROS Detection by Flow Cytometry

The generation of intracellular ROS was determined using a fluorescein-labeled dye, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), (Beyotime Biotechnology, China) following the manufacturer's protocol. MSCs were collected and washed once with PBS. Then, the cells were incubated with 10 μM DCFH-DA in a 5% CO₂ atmosphere at 37°C for 20 min. Finally, cells were washed and analyzed by a flow cytometer (Beckman CytoFLEX). The CytExpert 2.3 software platform was used to analyze the data.