Scratch wound-healing assay

To determine the regeneration and repair abilities of breast cancer cells, 4×10⁵ MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were seeded in 6-well plates and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO₂ overnight. Artificial wounds were created using a 10-µl pipette tip (0 h) to generate a gap in the confluent cell layer with confluence percentage of ~80%. The cells were washed with PBS twice and incubated with serum-free medium at 37°C with 5% CO₂ as a control. At 0 and 8 h, phase-contrast images were captured using a microscope at a magnification of ×400 (CX41-32C02PH, Olympus Corporation).