The Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model

Three-month-old male Swiss mice weighing 30 g–40 g were used as the UUO (n = 18) and SO (n = 6) subjects. The mice were anesthetised using a 0.01 mg/g body weight (BW) cocktail solution (ketamine 60 mg, xylazine 10 mg, acepromazine 2 mg) via intraperitoneal injection. The right flank region of each mouse was opened and the proximal and distal right ureter was ligated with silk 0.4 before an incision was made between them. The mice were sacrificed on days 3, 7 and 14 for the UUO3, UUO7 and UUO14 groups, respectively. The SO were performed by conducting a laparotomy without performing the ureteral ligation.