To establish TBI model in the rats, unilateral brain injury was induced using Impact One Stereotaxic Impactor (Leica Microsystems, Buffalo Grove, IL) a controlled cortical impact (CCI) device. Rats were anesthetized with 4% isoflurane/O2. After mounting their head in a stereotactic frame, they received a single impact to the right parietal association cortex of 1.0 mm depth of deformation with an impact velocity of 5.0 m/sec and a dwell time of 200 ms to achieve moderate to severe injury. The injury procedure was complete after the incision was closed with staples.
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