This retrospective study included ADHF patients who were admitted to the Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital between January 2015 and August 2016. The inclusion criterion was as participants aged ≥ 65 years with ADHF. Exclusion criteria were participants aged < 65 years or whose data were missing. We classified the participants with and without PIMs and analyzed their demographic characteristics. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. In patients whose outcome could not be confirmed, the follow-up was ended on their last visit in June 2017.
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