2.1. Inclusion criteria

In this work, we will include all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which explore the specific efficacy and safety of the BSQG in the treatment of POP. Nonrandomized control studies and observational study will be excluded.

All patients with a confirmed diagnosis with POP that including postmenopausal osteoporosis and age-related osteoporosis, will be included. There will be no limitation about age, gender, region, and other factors.

Patients in the treatment group were treated with BSQG alone or in combination with conventional pharmacotherapies. Control interventions will include no treatment, placebo control, and conventional pharmacotherapies. Studies, where the control group is different from the pharmacotherapy in the treatment group, will be excluded. Pharmacotherapies include drugs recommended by the international or domestic authorized clinical guidelines.

The primary outcomes of this review will focus on the improvement of bone mineral density value and the incidence of fractures. The secondary outcomes included the visual analog pain score, urinary calcium creatinine ratio, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, bone gla protein, alkaline phosphatase, quality of life, and adverse events in the treatment.