Multiple imputation by chained equation was performed by Stata 11.2 through ice command [26]. MVN, LR, and PMM were performed through MI system of Stata version 11.2. BEM was performed by R-based AMELIA II package version 3.4.2 [23]. However, for all MI methods, Steps 2, 4, and 5 were done by Stata to make the calculations consistent across all states.
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