The assay was conducted as previously described25 and used to assess the potential of test substances to trigger mitochondrial dysfunction. HepG2 cells cultured in glucose- or galactose-containing medium were exposed for 24 h to a concentration range (0–200 µM) of the test compounds. Following treatment, the cytotoxic potential (determined by ATP measurement) of each test compound was compared in glucose- versus galactose-culture conditions. A markedly higher cytotoxicity (IC50 Glu/Gal ratio > 5) in galactose-grown cells is indicative for mitochondrial dysfunction as a primary mode of action.
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