After overnight fasting, anthropometric examinations were performed in the morning. Physical examination measurements were taken according to standard procedures [20]. Height and weight were measured with the participants wearing light clothing without shoes. WC was measured horizontally at the midpoint of the midaxillary line between the twelfth rib head and the superior anterior spine, at the end of a normal exhalation. Body mass index (BMI) was defined as the weight (kg) divided by squared height (m2). By using standard-certified sphygmomanometers, the participants’ right arm blood pressure at the heart level was measured three times. We take the average of the results in three measurements as the final blood pressure value. Participants were prohibited from drinking coffee, smoking, or exercising, within 30 min before the physical examination.
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