Cell lines

A673 cells and culture conditions have been previously described [30]. RD and Rh30 cells were obtained from the American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC). SMS-CTR, Rh41 and Rh18 cells were kindly provided by Dr. Mark Hatley of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. All cell lines were authenticated at our institution by STR profiling, and repeatedly verified to be Mycoplasma-free. Cells were grown in either DMEM (RD and SMS-CTR) or RPMI (Rh30, Rh41 and Rh18), with 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin (all cell lines except Rh18), 10 mM Hepes, 1x MEM non-essential amino acids and 1 mM Sodium Pyruvate, in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO₂ at 37oC.