A total of 5 × 103 MCF7 and MCF7-TAM12.5 cells were seeded onto six-well plates. MCF7-TAM12.5 cells were treated with or without 12.5 μM tamoxifen and allowed to grow for 1 week until the colonies could be observed. The colonies were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich, cat# P6158) solution for 15 min and subsequently stained with 0.2% crystal violet solution (Riedel-de Haën, Munich, Bayern, Germany, cat# 32675). The stained colonies were imaged with an inverted microscope (Nikon E400, Tokyo, Japan).
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