MTT assay was used to determine the cell viability [35]. After treatment, the cells were further incubated with MTT (0.5 mg/ml) for 3-4h. The medium was removed from each well and 100μl DMSO was added to dissolve the dark-blue formazan crystals that were formed in living cells. The absorbance was measured in each well solution using a microplate reader (SpectraMax 250, Molecular Device, Sunnyvale, CA, USA).
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