Anti-[18F]FACBC-PET

The PET/CT system at each site is listed in Supplementary Table 1. Before the start of the study, the PET camera and peripherals at each site were checked using a phantom and were confirmed to meet the criteria established by the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine (22).

Patients fasted for at least 4 h and then were treated with 2 mL of anti-[¹⁸F]FACBC (actual dose of radioactivity: 186.1 ± 67.0 MBq, 106.0–287.1 MBq) using an intravenous injection, followed by a flush with physiological saline. Three-dimensional (3D) PET imaging of the head was performed for 10 min in 1 bed position using a PET camera starting between 10 and 20 min (13.1 ± 3.1 min) after the administration of anti-[¹⁸F]FACBC. Head CT imaging (tube voltage: 120 or 130 kV) was also performed for attenuation correction and/or image fusion immediately before or immediately after PET imaging. In some patients, attenuation correction was performed using an external radiation source.