4.2. Cell Culture

The human glioblastoma multiforme cell line GBM8401 (BCRC 60163) was purchased from the BCRC (Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Hsin Chu, Taiwan). Human glioblastoma cell line U87MG was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). GBM8401 cells were maintained as monolayers in Dulbecco’s modification Eagle’s medium (DMEM, Gibco, CA, USA) and U87MG cells were maintained in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 (Gibco). These culture mediums supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco) and 1× penicillin-streptomycin-glutamine (PSG, Gibco). Cells were cultured at 37 °C in a water jacketed 5% CO₂ incubator.