Negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and ESI-MS/MS analysis were performed on a Micromass LTQ-Orbitrap XL instrument (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, MA, USA). Ten microliters of sample dissolved in acetonitrile/H2O (1:1, v/v) was injected, and the mobile phase (acetonitrile/H2O, 1:1, v/v) was delivered by a syringe pump at a flow rate of 10 μL/min [24].
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