2.2. Participants

First, we screened all first-time patients seeking HIV-related care in person at VGHKS and KMUH from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2015. Those who had received follow-up care at both hospitals were counted only once. We excluded patients without a new diagnosis, those aged <15 years, and those seen only once as outpatients (and thus lost to follow-up) during the observation period. Next, the enrolled patients were classified into three groups according to the dates of their initial HIV-related visit: Periods 1 (before programme; January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2005), 2 (Phase 1 programme; January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2010), and 3 (Phase 2 programme; January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015). The demographic and laboratory variables, comorbidities, AOI events, and associated outcomes of the patients were compared in each study period. Finally, factors associated with MTB disease at presentation and during follow-up were analysed. This study was approved by the VGHKS and KMUH ethics committees (VGHKS17-CT4-20, KMUHIRB-SV(II)-20170003) and adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The informed consent requirement was waived by the institutional review boards of both participating hospitals.