Each specimen was sampled and evaluated by two experienced dedicated gastrointestinal pathologists. The two pathologists were both blind to the MRI data and clinical data. Criteria for pCRT and non-pCRT were defined as described in previous reports (8). We also classified TRG 3–4 into the good response (GR) group, and TRG 0–2 into the non-GR group according to Dowrak/Rödel's system (27). Changes in TNM staging were recorded by comparing to cTNM before the surgery, and responses were classed as either down-staging or non-down-staging (stability and progression). Details can be found in the Supplementary Files.
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