Statistical analysis

Participant characteristics were compared between men and women using the t-test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. The average portion sizes of the foods per meal from the 24HDRs assigned to a specific QFFQ2 item were compared between men and women who reported the same portion size for that item on the QFFQ2, after adjustment for race/ethnicity, using a linear regression model. The adjustment was to account for the possibility that the race/ethnic groups ate different foods with somewhat varying portion sizes within a portion size for a specific food item (e.g., one chicken breast compared to two thighs for serving B for fried chicken). Comparisons between the (average) portion sizes of the foods from 24HDRs assigned to a specific QFFQ2 item and the constant assigned amount in grams of the selected portion size for that QFFQ2 item were conducted for the selected item-portion comparisons using a one-sample t-test for men and women separately. The sample sizes were insufficient to make similar comparisons within sex-race/ethnic groups. However, the percentages of times the average portion size from the 24HRs of men was greater than that of the women (among those choosing the same portion size on the QFFQ2) was compared across the 5 ethnic groups, using the chi-square test of association. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Data were analyzed using SAS version 9.4.²⁴