Cells were detached from culture plates by incubation with 0.25% trypsin/EDTA, and then were collected, centrifuged, and washed with PBS to remove trypsin, and resuspended in PBS. A commercial comet assay kit was used (Trevigen, Gaithersburg, MD, 4252-040-K) according to manufacturer instructions. Comets were observed using SYBR gold or ethidium bromide DNA dye. Images were acquired and analyzed using Slidebook or Spot software. Comets were manually counted and comet moments were calculated as described (45, 46).
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