Chemicals and Reagents

Emodin (purity: 95.0%) was purchased from Topscience (Shanghai, China). RPMI-1640 was used as the culture medium and was purchased from Gibco (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Neonatal bovine serum (NBS) was obtained from Tianhang (Hangzhou, China). PE Annexin V-7AAD apoptosis detection kit was supplied by BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). JC-10 mitochondrial membrane potential kit was purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China). Triglyceride (TG) Assay Kit was supplied by Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, and palmitic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Primary antibodies glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, 60004-1-Ig, mouse monoclonal, 1:10,000), adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase (ACLY, 15421-1-AP, rabbit polycolonal, 1:1,000), acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA, 21923-1-AP, rabbit polycolonal, 1:500), fatty acid synthase (FASN, 10624-2-AP, rabbit polycolonal, 1:500), SCD (23393-1-AP, rabbit polycolonal, 1:500), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2, 60178-1-Ig, mouse monoclonal, 1:1,000), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax, 50599-2-Ig, rabbit polycolonal, 1:2,000), AIF (17984-1-AP, rabbit polycolonal, 1:4,000), endonuclease G (ENDOG) (22148-1-AP, rabbit polycolonal, 1:1,000), Cytochrome c (CYTC, 66264-1-Ig, mouse monoclonal, 1:5,000), and APAF1 (21710-1-AP, rabbit polycolonal, 1:500) were purchased from Proteintech Group (Wuhan, China). Primary antibodies SREBP1 (NB600-582, mouse monoclonal, 1:1,000) were obtained from Novus (Littleton, CO, USA). Primary antibodies for caspase-3 (9662, rabbit polycolonal, 1:1,000), cleaved-caspase-3 (9661, rabbit polycolonal, 1:1,000), caspase-9 (9502, rabbit polycolonal, 1:1,000) and cleaved-caspase-9 (9501, rabbit polycolonal, 1:1,000) as well as secondary antibodies were supplied by Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).