2.1. Adverse resident outcomes

Annual counts of resident medical outcomes were prepared by the company for reporting to the Long-Term Care Minimum Data Set (MDS) [36]. The specific outcomes selected for this study were all resident falls, falls with injury, medically unexplained weight loss, and pressure (decubitus) ulcers. Annual rates were computed as the number of events divided by the number of resident-days in each SNF for the corresponding year. We also summed the counts of falls, weight loss, and pressure ulcers to compute a total rate of adverse resident outcomes per year per facility.