DNA samples donated by Europeans and African Americans originated from repositories (43,44) in the USA and from Africans in Tanzania. For the Tanzanian samples, 6–9 ml of blood was collected and DNA was extracted in the lab with a Gentra Purgene DNA extraction kit (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA, USA). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects and the study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the participating institutions in the NHLBI Family Heart Study, University of Mississippi Medical Center for the Jackson Heart Study, the University of Maryland at College Park and the University of Pennsylvania. In addition, research/ethics approval and permits were obtained from COSTECH (Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology) and National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
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