Cancer cell survival and apoptosis after various treatments were assessed by a colony formation assay and an Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit I, respectively, as described elsewhere [25–28]. In the colony formation assay in vitro, survival fraction = plating efficiency in treatment group/plating efficiency in control group. An Accuri C6 flow cytometer was used for apoptosis analysis (10,000 cells were counted for each sample). Unstained cells and cells stained with FITC Annexin V only or PI only were used to set up compensation and quadrants. Data were analyzed by FlowJo software.
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