The trophonts and the resting cysts were fixed in a 3:7 mixture of 2% OsO4 and a saturated solution of HgCl2 at room temperature for 10 min. Then, the cells were rinsed with 0.1 M phosphate buffer 3 times for 10 min each, dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol, dried with a critical point dryer (Leica CPD300), and coated with gold in an Ion coater (Leica ACE600). Observations were performed using a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi S-4800) at an accelerating voltage of 3 kV.
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