The BIS/BAS scale

The BIS/BAS scale includes 24 items and uses a 4-point Likert score to measure two motivational systems that regulate behavior depending on the responsiveness to punishment (BIS) and reward (BAS) [9]. The BIS is activated by conditional stimuli to avoid aversive outcomes, whereas the BAS involves positive feedback mechanisms to approach stimuli. The BAS scale is divided into the following three subscales: BAS-reward (motivation to achieve pleasant reinforcement in the environment), BAS-drive (motivation to follow a goal), and BAS-fun-seeking (spontaneous tendency to find novel rewards). The Korean version of the BIS/BAS scale was used in this study [10].