Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) expression. The RAW 264.7 cells (1 × 106 cells/ml) were aliquot into six‐well plate and incubated for overnight; 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added to 250 μg/ml of each sample. After incubation for 24 hr, the concentration of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in the cell‐free supernatant (i.e., CM) was assessed by using the ELISA kit (Cloud‐Clone Crop) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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