4.7. DNA Laddering

Genomic DNA was extracted and purified form homogenized liver and pancreas tissues using Wizard^® Genomic DNA Purification kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). Extracted DNA was tested for concentration and purity by Nanodrop^® NA-1000 UV/Vis (ThermoFisher spectrophotometer, Wilmington, DE, USA). DNA fragmentation was assessed by horizontal electrophoresis using 2% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide. A total of 10 μL of each DNA sample was mixed with 2 μL of the loading dye (ThermoFischer Scientific Inc, Waltham, MA, USA). Mixed samples were loaded to the prepared agarose gel. Electric current (90 volt) was applied for 45 min followed by visualization using UV trans-illuminator.