For each of the behaviors, three different effects were tested independently using the Kruskal–Wallis test: the effect of pup type (HY, LY, or SD), the effect of dam subline (HY, LY, or SD), and the effect of the cross-in-fostering manipulation (manipulated or control). When a test detected a significant effect, post hoc group comparisons were performed using Dunn test with Holm–Šidák correction.
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