For each individual-locus dataset, the first step of decontamination was to determine the OTUs likely to be truly present in the dataset vs. those likely to be false-positive discoveries (e.g., artefacts of PCR or sequencing), see Supplementary Fig. 2. We used a site-occupancy model to estimate the probability of OTU occurrence51,52, using multiple PCR replicates of each environmental sample as independent draws from a common binomial distribution. We eliminated any OTU with <80% estimated probability of occurrence (a break point in the observed distribution of occupancy probabilities) from the dataset.
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