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YA Yu Abekura
IO Isao Ono
AK Akitsugu Kawashima
KT Katsumi Takizawa
HK Hirokazu Koseki
HM Haruka Miyata
KS Kampei Shimizu
MO Mieko Oka
MK Mika Kushamae
SM Susumu Miyamoto
HK Hiroharu Kataoka
AI Akira Ishii
TA Tomohiro Aoki
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Data are shown as mean ± SD or by box-and-whisker plots. Differences between the two groups were examined using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney test by a JMP Pro 13 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Statistical comparisons between more than two groups were conducted using a Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the post-hoc Steel-Dwass test by a JMP Pro 13 (SAS Institute Inc.). We used above non-parametric tests in the present study because the sample size was not enough to assess whether the data sets were normally distributed or not by a Shapiro-Wilk test. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test was performed to confirm a dose-response relationship using an EZR software (Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan, http://www.jichi.ac.jp/saitama-sct/SaitamaHP.files/statmedEN.html) [18]. A p value smaller than 0.05 was defined as statistically significant.

Copyright and License information: The Author(s) ©2020
Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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