Biomarkers from selected pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of altitude illness were measured in EDTA plasma by ELISA (Quantikine or DuoSets, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) using dilution factors: Endothelin-1 (ET-1;1:2), sE-Selectin (1:5), Ang-2 (1:2), Ang-1 (1:10), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1;1:100), soluble receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2 (sTie-2;1:25), soluble endoglin (sEng;1:25), soluble kinase insert domain receptor (sKDR;1:10), angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4;1:5), renin (1:5), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE;1:25), corin (1:5), cystatin C (1:1000), BDNF (1:25), resistin (1:25) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra;1:2) as described.20,32–34
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