H&E slides were analyzed by two independent investigators blinded to the experimental setup to assess damage of the terminal ileum. A scoring system from 0 to 4 was used to describe the severity of histological injury. Scoring was as follows: 0, no damage; 1, disrupted epithelial lining, but no loss of enterocytes; 2, disrupted epithelial lining, mild enterocyte loss from the villus tips; 3, disrupted epithelial lining, moderate enterocyte loss from villus tips, some debris in the lumen; and 4, abundant enterocyte loss from villus tips, abundant debris in the lumen, and severe shedding of villus tips.
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