C. jejuni strains were suspended from plates in MH broth and diluted to an OD600 of 0.8. Each bacterial strain was stabbed into semisolid MH motility medium containing 0.4% agar using an inoculation needle and then incubated for 30 h at 37°C under microaerobic conditions. When appropriate, motility agar contained chloramphenicol or kanamycin to maintain plasmids for in trans complementation of mutants. For dark-field microscopy, the cultures were further diluted 1:10 in MH broth or MH broth with 0.35% methylcellulose. Strains were immediately analyzed for motility by applying 3 μl of culture between a glass slide and glass coverslip.
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