Anipill transmitter implantation

Body temperature of mice was recorded by using Anipill loggers (1.7 g weight and 8.2 mm diameter, 17.2 mm length) (BodyCap, Paris, France) to obtain temperature data from freely-moving mice. The loggers alone were not affected by the RF into the climatic chamber. For surgery, after acclimation, mice have been anesthetized by isoflurane (Piramal Healthcare, Morpeth, United Kingdom) at a concentration of 4% at 2 l.min⁻¹ oxygen flow in the induction chamber. When mice were in a moderately deep plane of anaesthesia, oxygen flow and isoflurane concentration have been adjusted to 1 l.min⁻¹ and 2.5% respectively. For pre-operative analgesia, meloxicam (Metacam injectable (5 mg.ml⁻¹) Boehringer, Ingelheim, Germany) was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 5 mg.kg⁻¹. Fur of the abdominal area was shaved, and skin was disinfected with Vetadine Solution (Vetoquinol, Lure, France) followed by 70% alcohol. An incision of 1 cm was made through the skin. Before abdominal muscles incision, lidocaine (Vétoquinol, Lure, France) was instilled on the abdominal wall. Once the Anipill logger had been inserted, muscle and skin were sewed separately with Prolene 4–0 and Mersilk 4–0 suture (Ethicon, United Kingdom). Animals returned to a clean cage for 4 days of recovery prior to experiments.