Both pre- and post-test, the elemental composition of each seed shell fragment tip was mapped using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS, Oxford Instruments, Abdingdon, UK) attached to a scanning electron microscope (SEM, Jeol 7001F, Tokyo, Japan), a combination that allows high-resolution imaging and elemental mapping. When calcium was present in post-test scans, it was possible to correlate the image with the submicron enamel chips, using their identity.
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