Tail suspension test (TST)

The protocol was carried out as described previously with minor modification [32]. Mice were suspended by the tail from a metal rod using adhesive tape. The rod was fixed 45 cm above the surface. Each mouse was positioned at least 15 cm away from the nearest object. The test sessions lasted 6 min, and the immobility time was determined by a skilled observer. The mice were regarded as immobile only when they hung passively and fully motionless.