TPTD measurements were performed by injecting 15-mL boluses of saline (< 8 °C) through a jugular vein catheter. In order to allow the detection of small changes in EVLW, the average of the results obtained by five successive thermodilution measurements was used. With this number of replicates, the least significant change of EVLW is 8% [32].
With TPTD, we also measured the pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) [1, 33] (also averaged from five successive thermodilution measurements) and cardiac index (CI).
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