The photo-oxidation products were extracted by using different solubility of the compounds between aqueous and organic solvents. We added equivalent volume of chloroform (528730, Sigma Aldrich) into bleached holoUnaG, and then strongly vortexed the mixed sample. The UnaG proteins were denatured and aggregated as a white pellet under this condition, where the organic layer was gradually turned into yellow color indicating that the UV-absorbing products were dissolved in the organic layer. We gently took the organic layer and evaporated the solvent at 60 °C with vacuum pump. The resulting yellow pellet was primarily dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (D8418, Sigma Aldrich), and further diluted for five times with deionized water before analysis.
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