Definitions

A stroke is defined by neurologists according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO). Self-reported stroke patients were asked to provide their paper-based medical records. All participants underwent electrocardiogram (ECG) examination, and coronary heart disease (CHD) was defined according to the results of the ECG as read by physicians. Participants with TC ≥ 5.18 mmol/L, TG ≥ 1.70 mmol/L, HDL-C < 1.04 mmol/L, LDL-C ≥ 3.37 mmol/L or a previous diagnosis of hyperlipidemia by a physician were defined as having dyslipidemia (15). Diabetes mellitus was defined as a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or a previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus by a physician (16). Hypertension was defined according to the following criteria: systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and/or self-reported hypertension (17). Participants were divided into four categories for our study: non-obese, general obesity alone, central obesity alone, and compound obesity. BMI ≥ 28 kg/m² were defined as abnormal BMI and WC ≥ 80 cm for a female or WC ≥ 85 cm for a male were defined as abnormal WC based on the Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Adults (18, 19). Participants with a normal WC but an abnormal BMI were defined as general obesity alone; participants with a normal BMI but an abnormal WC were defined as central obesity alone; participants with abnormal WC and BMI were defined as compound obesity; and participants with normal WC and BMI were defined as non-obese. Smoking was divided into three categories in our study: never smoking, former smoking, and current smoking. Those who were still consuming any type of tobacco products at the time of the survey were defined as current smokers. Former smokers were defined as people who had quit smoking for more than 3 months. People who never smoke were those who had never smoked or smoked <100 cigarettes in their lifetime (20). Drinking was defined as drinking more than 42 g of pure alcohol per day or 98 g of pure alcohol per week (21). The type of dietary pattern was determined by the participants themselves according to their own eating habits in the questionnaire. Exercise more than three times a week, each lasting more than 30 min, was defined as regular exercise.