Total RNA extraction was prepared with TRIzol reagent (15596026, Invitrogen) and the cDNAs were generated by ReverTra Ace qPCR RT Kit (FSQ-101, Toyobo). Real-time PCR was performed for all genes with primers on a Bio-Rad CFX Connect and the data was captured using Bio-Rad CFX Manager 2.0 software. The expression of mRNA for genes of interest was normalized to Actb (Mus) or ACTB (Homo). The entire procedure was repeated in at least three biologically independent samples. The primer sequences are shown as Supplementary Table 3.
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