All workshops were designed to include both a didactic component and a hands-on interactive component. A methodology of teaching, in which students focus on active learning during each session rather than didactic learning, was utilized [20, 21]. This ‘modified’ flipped classroom methodology leveraged the core principle of focus on application of content rather than attainment. However, it was considered to be modified primarily because students did not receive resources or materials to review prior to attending the workshops. Each workshop had a variation of the following basic structure:
Completion of pre-workshop survey
Brief didactic session to teach general principles of QI/PS in addition to information pertinent to learning a specific QI/PS skill
Hands-on interactive exercises
Group reflection upon the learned QI/PS skill
Completion of post-workshop survey
Most workshops were one hour in length with the exception of the RCA and process mapping workshops which required 1.5–2 h each.
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