Cells (1.2 × 105 cells/well) were seeded in a 6-well plate for 24 h prior to incubation with diverse concentrations of analogs for 5 h. To measure intracellular ATP levels, we used a luminometric-based ATP Assay kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The signal was measured by a Luminoskan luminometer (Thermo Scientific, Atlanta, GA, USA). The ATP concentration with each treatment was calculated as a percentage of that of the control.
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