We adopted the guidelines of the QUADAS-2 [10, 11] (maximum score 14) tool to assess the methodological quality of included studies, in which appraisal is performed by empirical evidence, expert opinion, and formal consensus on assessing the quality of primary studies of diagnostic accuracy [11]. In order to reduce the bias and improve the reliability, two authors independently assessed and reached a consensus. If there were a discrepancy, we would invite another expert to discuss it and reach a consistent opinion.
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