Skin surface damage effects of micro-pillars fabricated with a height of 300 μm and diameters of 300 and 500 μm were compared. Micro-pillars were pushed toward the skin for 1 min at various forces of 0, 4, 7, 11, and 16 N using the Z0.5 TN machine (Zwick/Roell, Ulm, Germany), at a speed of 1.0 mm/min. The surface of the skin was then imaged using a M165 FC bright-field optical microscope (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany).
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