2.7. Cell proliferation and invasion assays

Cell proliferation ability was determined by CCK‐8 assay (Beyotime, China). Briefly, a total of approximately 5000 cells were seeded into 96‐well plates in 100 μL medium per well. The absorbance at 490 nmol/L was assessed after transfection. Cell invasion ability was determined using Transwell with Matrigel (Corning, USA). For colony formation ability assay, approximately 1500 cells per well were seeded in 6‐well plates. After incubating for 15 days, colonies were fixed and stained with 0.5% crystal violet, then the number of colonies was counted.